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Telecommunication systems, networks and devices
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THE SOLUTION METHOD FOR LINDLEY INTEGRAL EQUATION
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I. Kartashevskiy
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Abstract: Research subject. This article considers the problem of solving the Lindley integral equation for estimating the average waiting time of a request in a queue in the general type queueing system. Method. Here we obtain a solution of the Lindley integral equation using selective functions. Core results. The proposed solution is based on the "degeneration" of the kernel of the Lindley integral equation where the kernel is factorized by its variables. Practical relevance. The considered procedure allows to obtain a solution of the integral equation for any statistical characteristics of the served traffic.
Keywords: Lindley integral equation, selective functions, solving a system of linear algebraic equations.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-1-11
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ASSESSING JITTER WHEN PROCESSING TRAFFIC IN THE G/G/1 SYSTEM
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M. Buranova
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Abstract: Analysis of the parameters of the functioning of IP-networks in the processing of multimedia streams is a very important task. There are many approaches to assessing the quality of service parameters in the G/G/1 system. Changing the delay of packets on the network is a very important parameter that determines the quality of traffic processing. The change in delay is usually defined either as packet jitter or as a variation in packet delay. At the same time, the required accuracy in determining the parameters can be obtained quite accurately, since all decisions are mainly based on certain assumptions. The paper presents an approach to determining the change in packet delay in the G/G/1 system as packet jitter. The basis of the presented approach is the approximation of arbitrary distributions by hyperexponential distributions, i.e. modeling of the G/G/1 system by the H2/H2/1 system. The solution to the jitter estimation problem is to determine the distribution parameters. To evaluate the parameters of hyperexponential distributions, the EM algorithm is used. As the traffic studied, a multimedia stream registered on a real network was used. An analytical estimate of jitter in the G/G/1 system is obtained. The results obtained are applicable for independent flows and for random variables uncorrelated in the structure of each sequence.
Keywords: jitter, quality of service, simulation, hyperexponential distribution.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-12-19
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IoT DEVICE IDENTIFICATION PROTOCOL BASED ON DEGRADED FLASH MEMORY
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S. Vladimirov, D. Berestovoy
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Abstract: Research subject. The article presents a protocol for identifying IoT devices developed by the authors and the results of its testing. Method. Simulation was performed to determine the probabilistic characteristics of 8-bit error-correcting codes. The principles of their coding and decoding are considered. Core results. The features of the developed identification protocol when transmitting packets over the transport protocols TCP and UDP are determined. Practical relevance. The application of the developed protocol for identifying network devices of the Internet of things in local and global communication networks is proposed.
Keywords: Internet of things, IoT, identification protocol, degraded memory, identifier size.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-20-31
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FIFTH GENERATION COMMUNICATION NETWORKS: ON THE WAY TO NETWORKS 2030
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A. Volkov, A. Muthanna, A. Koucheryavy
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Abstract: In 2030 networks, it is assumed that criteria such as security, confidentiality, and high data transfer rate with ultra-dense networks will be the key characteristics of 2030 networks, and it should be given special attention from the research community in the field of wireless technologies. The networks 2030 are designed to provide terabits per second, which are expected to be achieved using a number of advanced technologies, such as MEC, FoG, mmWave, new radio, Software-defined networking and Artificial intelligence in networks. It is necessary to solve several important aspects in order to ensure the quality of service for the new services, first, to ensure the density of network coverage even in sparsely populates areas. The article analyzes the development of firth generation communication networks 5G/IMT-2020 and the main fundamental changes in the development of communication networks 2030.
Keywords: Fifth generation communication networks, Internet of Things, Networks 2030, New Services, Requirements to quality of service, trends.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-32-43
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DATA TRAFFIC BASED ON SLICING IN A 5G SMART UPLINK SYSTEM
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A. Grebenshchikova, V. Elagin
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Abstract: The paper considers the data traffic based on slicing in a 5g mobile network uplink system. Slicing is a promising technology for the fifth generation of networks that provides optimal quality of QOS services for each specific user or group of users. Data traffic that is processed by cellular networks increases every year. Therefore, we should consider all set of traffic from VoIP to M2M devices. For example, smart devices in the healthcare system transmit big data that is sensitive to latency, but also a video stream that requires minimal latency in certain cases. The paper focuses on the successful processing of traffic through a relay node, donor microstates, and a base station. All traffic is divided into three levels of QoS segmentation: sensitive, less sensitive, and low-sensitivity, using the AnyLogic simulation program. For fifth-generation 5G networks, achieving minimum latency and maximum data transfer speed within QoS is an important implementation condition. Therefore, in this paper, using simulation modeling, the main and possible results of each segment in the new generation of mobile networks are obtained. The use of a relay node in conjunction with micro-stations can ensure optimal station load and successful data processing. Also, the solutions outlined in this paper will allow you to identify a number of areas for future research to assess possible ways to design new mobile networks, or improve existing ones.
Keywords: Slicing, 5G, relay node, Anylogic, data traffic, M2M, SDN, NFV, smart systems, QoS.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-44-54
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REVIEW OF THE MULTICARRIER MODULATION TECHNIQUES USED IN MODERN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
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I. Grishin, A. Kalinkina
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Abstract: This article provides an overview of the technologies for generating radio signals, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and its modifications: universal filtered multicarrier and filter bank multicarrier currently used in wireless communication networks. Subject of research: methods of multicarrier modulation. Main results: Overview of modern methods of forming multicarrier signals in radio communication systems. A number of computational experiments have been performed to compare the characteristics of signal localization, peak-to-average ratios and spurious emissions. Practical implications: the results can be used in choosing the type of modulation in the case of the development of digital radio communication systems.
Keywords: OFDM, UFMC, FBMC, IOTA, Dolph-Chebyshev window, peak to average ratio.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-55-66
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TRAFFIC ANALYSIS FOR A PARAMETRIC TACTILE CODEC
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E. Sapunova, S. Leontiev, A. Vybornova
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Abstract: This article is devoted to the haptic communications types and methods. Haptic and tactile codecs were the research subject. As a research method authors engaged analysis of the current research results in the area, research and development of the parametric tactile codec, as well as statistical analysis of the obtained tactile traffic. Core result. In this article authors provide a classification of the haptic interactions and tactile codes approaches. The other result of the work is a simple parametric tactile codec. Also, authors have found out that such type of codec created quite intensive flow of the packets of moderate size (500 bytes). Practical relevance of the result consists in the creation of the tactile codec that may be used for simple Tactile Internet applications. Besides that, obtained information about tactile traffic characteristics may be used to update forecasts of the global telecom traffic growth.
Keywords: Tactile Internet, haptic interactions, tactile codec, tactile feedback.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-67-76
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Radio engineering, including television systems and devices
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EVOLUTION OF POSITIONING RADIO INTERFACES IN MOBILE RADIO NETWORKS
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G. Fokin
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Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the evolutionary features of the radio interfaces of cellular 2G– 4G mobile radio systems from the point of view of solving network positioning problems. The analysis shows that along with the improvement of the parameters of positioning signals, special mechanisms appeared for their formation, processing and reuse in different cells, which contributed to increasing the accuracy of the collection of primary measurements.
Keywords: Positioning, radio access network, base station, subscriber terminal, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, PRS, GSM, UMTS, LTE.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-77-91
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System analysis, information management and processing, statistics<
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TUTORIAL ON USING MACHINE LEARNING FOR ACTIVITY RECOGNITION VIA A SMARTPHONE
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I. Zelichenok, R. Pirmagomedov
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Abstract: This article provides a tutorial for developing a simple machine learning application in Python. More specifically, the paper considers daily activity recognition using sensors of a smartphone. For development, we used TensorFlow, Skikit learn, NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib. The paper explains in detail the main steps of the application development, including data collection and preprocessing, design of the neural network, learning process, and use of a trained model. The overall accuracy of the developed application when recognizing the activity is about 95 %. This paper can be useful for students and specialists who want to start work on machine learning.
Keywords: machine learning, daily activity recognition, mobile applications information security.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-92-108
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF RESEARCH OF THE FEATURES OF THE USE OF PRODUCTS OF HYDROACOUSTIC EQUIPMENT BASED ON GEOCHRONOLOGICAL TRACKING
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Y. Ivakin, S. Potapychev
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Abstract: The scientific and methodological tools of geochronological tracking have found the widest application in retrospective studies of the features of the use of individual products of high technology and expensive technology of various types. Subject of study. The results of such studies are the basis for organizing service, building logistic supply schemes, deploying supply networks, etc. The feasibility of such studies is especially relevant today for products of domestic hydroacoustic equipment for civil purposes. Method. The competitive state of the responsible industry of precision marine instrumentation objectively requires a systematic approach to studying the characteristics of demand and application for these products. Main results. It is the geochronological tracking toolkit that can become the basis for a new approach to planning the promotion of products of domestic hydroacoustic equipment to the Russian and international markets. Practical relevance. The proposed information technology will make it possible to achieve an increase in efficiency in organizing maintenance processes and maintaining the technical readiness of expensive hydroacoustic equipment. This article is devoted to the consideration of the qualitatively new capabilities of the specified tools, as well as the rationalization of the corresponding algorithmic apparatus.
Keywords: Hydroacoustic equipment, geoinformation systems, technologies for logistic research, geochronological track and tracking, graph isomorphism, algorithm optimization, retrospective studies, information and accompanying network.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-2-109-119
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